Common opening mistakes at 1800–1999 Elo — and how to punish them
Lichess players rated 1800–1999 (the 1800s band; roughly ≈1500–1750 on Chess.com). For every opening we teach: the share of them who reach it and then make a mistake or blunder on the lines we teach within the first 11 moves, ranked highest first, with the costliest slip and our answer to it. How we measure.
51% of Lichess players rated 1800–1999 who reach the Vienna Gambit make a mistake or blunder on the lines we teach within the first 10 moves (1.4M games, a lower bound).
69 openings, ranked for the 1800s
| # | Opening | Make a mistake | Costliest slip | Punish it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vienna GambitC29 · for White | 51%within 10 moves · 1.4M games | 3…exf4 30.1% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: d5the answer: 4.e5 Ng8 5.Nf3 |
| 2 | King's GambitC30 · for White | 45%within 9 moves · 18M games | 2…Nc6 19.3% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: exf4the answer: 3.Nf3 d6 4.d3 |
| 3 | Budapest GambitA52 · for Black | 36%within 11 moves · 2.9M games | 3.d5 22.1% play itMistake | their better move: dxe5the answer: 3…Bb4+ 4.Bd2 a5 |
| 4 | Semi-Slav DefenseD43 · for Black | 26%within 10 moves · 2.9M games | 5.Bf4 9.7% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Bg5the answer: 5…dxc4 6.e3 b5 |
| 5 | Scandinavian DefenseB01 · for Black | 23%within 10 moves · 47M games | 2.e5 9% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: exd5the answer: 2…c5 3.d4 cxd4 |
| 6 | Petrov DefenseC42 · for Black | 23%within 11 moves · 12M games | 3.Bc4 17.6% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Nxe5the answer: 3…Nxe4 4.Nxe5 d5 |
| 7 | Sicilian Wing GambitB20 · for White | 19%within 6 moves · 1.5M games | 2…e6 12% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: cxb4the answer: 3.bxc5 Bxc5 4.d4 |
| 8 | Italian GameC50 · for White | 18%within 10 moves · 34M games | 6…Ng4 19.5% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: d5the answer: 7.cxd4 Bb4+ 8.Nc3 |
| 9 | Smith-Morra GambitB21 · for White | 17%within 10 moves · 5.3M games | 3…d3 9.5% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: dxc3the answer: 4.Bxd3 Nc6 5.c4 |
| 10 | Scotch GambitC44 · for White | 16%within 10 moves · 4.1M games | 5…dxc3 44.2% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Nf6the answer: 6.Bxf7+ Kxf7 7.Qd5+ |
| 11 | Scotch GameC45 · for White | 15%within 10 moves · 8.4M games | 5…Nf6 12.8% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Qf6the answer: 6.e5 Qe7 7.Be3 |
| 12 | Alekhine's DefenseB02 · for Black | 13%within 10 moves · 9.7M games | 2.d3 5.6% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: e5the answer: 2…c5 3.Nf3 Nc6 |
| 13 | Caro-Kann Panov AttackB14 · for White | 12%within 10 moves · 1.9M games | 5…Bf5 11.4% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: e6the answer: 6.Qb3 Qb6 7.cxd5 |
| 14 | Marshall AttackC89 · for Black | 12%within 11 moves · 683K games | 6.c3 11.5% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Re1the answer: 6…Nxe4 7.Re1 Nc5 |
| 15 | Traxler CounterattackC57 · for Black | 12%within 7 moves · 443K games | 5.O-O 8.1% play itMistake | their better move: Nxf7the answer: 5…O-O 6.d3 d5 |
| 16 | Modern BenoniA60 · for Black | 10%within 10 moves · 686K games | 4.dxe6 10.1% play itMistake | their better move: Nc3the answer: 4…fxe6 5.Nc3 d5 |
| 17 | Two Knights DefenseC55 · for Black | 9%within 10 moves · 11M games | 8.Ba4 23% play itMistake | their better move: Bd3the answer: 8…h6 9.Nf3 e4 |
| 18 | Four Knights GameC47 · for White | 9%within 10 moves · 6.2M games | 5…Nxd4 22.3% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Bb4the answer: 6.Qxd4 d6 7.Bf4 |
| 19 | Ruy Lopez ExchangeC68 · for White | 8%within 10 moves · 1.6M games | 5…Nf6 4.3% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: Bg4the answer: 6.Nxe5 Bd6 7.Nf3 |
| 20 | Benko GambitA57 · for Black | 8%within 10 moves · 1.2M games | 4.Nc3 8.2% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: cxb5the answer: 4…b4 5.Nb1 e6 |
| 21 | French DefenseC00 · for Black | 8%within 11 moves · 27M games | 5.Bb5 12.2% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Nf3the answer: 5…Qa5 6.Bxc6+ bxc6 |
| 22 | Danish GambitC21 · for White | 8%within 3 moves · 4.0M games | 3…d3 3.9% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: Qe7the answer: 4.Bxd3 Nc6 5.Nf3 |
| 23 | Modern DefenseB06 · for Black | 6%within 11 moves · 17M games | 2.f4 6.4% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: d4the answer: 2…d5 3.e5 c5 |
| 24 | Caro-Kann DefenseB10 · for Black | 6%within 10 moves · 45M games | 2.Bc4 4.6% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: d4the answer: 2…d5 3.exd5 cxd5 |
| 25 | Tarrasch DefenseD32 · for Black | 5%within 10 moves · 619K games | 4.Bf4 4.4% play itMistake | their better move: cxd5 |
| 26 | Grünfeld DefenseD80 · for Black | 5%within 10 moves · 2.0M games | 4.e4 2.8% play itMistake | their better move: Nf3 |
| 27 | London SystemD00 · for White | 4%within 11 moves · 235M games | 1…e5 4.4% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Nf6the answer: 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 |
| 28 | Bishop's OpeningC23 · for White | 4%within 10 moves · 16M games | 3…Nf6 18.4% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Nc6the answer: 4.Nxe5 O-O 5.d4 |
| 29 | English OpeningA10 · for White | 4%within 10 moves · 35M games | 2…c6 5% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Nf6 |
| 30 | French TarraschC03 · for White | 4%within 10 moves · 2.8M games | 4…cxd4 6.4% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: exd5 |
| 31 | French WinawerC15 · for Black | 3%within 10 moves · 1.5M games | 5.Be3 3.1% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: a3 |
| 32 | Slav DefenseD15 · for Black | 3%within 10 moves · 13M games | 5.Bf4 9.7% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Bg5the answer: 5…dxc4 6.e3 b5 |
| 33 | Ruy LopezC60 · for White | 3%within 10 moves · 19M games | 4…a6 8.4% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: Nxe4the answer: 5.Bxc6 dxc6 6.Nxe5 |
| 34 | King's Indian DefenseE60 · for Black | 3%within 11 moves · 5.9M games | 6.e5 15.3% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Be2the answer: 6…dxe5 7.fxe5 Nfd7 |
| 35 | Queen's Gambit ExchangeD35 · for White | 3%within 10 moves · 1.8M games | 6…Bf5 4% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: h6the answer: 7.Bxf6 Bxf6 8.Qb3 |
| 36 | Evans GambitC51 · for White | 2%within 10 moves · 1.4M games | 5…Nxb4 8.9% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: a6the answer: 6.a5 Bc5 7.c3 |
| 37 | Accelerated DragonB35 · for Black | 2%within 11 moves · 3.2M games | 8.Qd2 13% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Bb3the answer: 8…Ng4 9.Nxc6 dxc6 |
| 38 | Sicilian NajdorfB90 · for Black | 2%within 11 moves · 5.6M games | 7.Nf5 6.1% play itMistake | their better move: Nb3the answer: 7…d5 8.Bg5 d4 |
| 39 | Vienna GameC25 · for White | 2%within 10 moves · 10M games | 3…Bb4 3.9% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Nf6the answer: 4.Qh5 g6 5.Qf3 |
| 40 | Philidor DefenseC41 · for Black | 1%within 10 moves · 17M games | 8.f4 15.2% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: a4the answer: 8…d5 9.exd5 cxd5 |
| 41 | Sicilian TaimanovB44 · for Black | 1%within 10 moves · 3.6M games | 8.f4 8.7% play itBlunder | their better move: Be3the answer: 8…Nxd4 9.Qxd4 Bc5 |
| 42 | Trompowsky AttackA45 · for White | 1%within 10 moves · 2.2M games | 5…c5 10.3% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: Bb4the answer: 6.e5 Qd8 7.d5 |
| 43 | Sicilian vs Anti-SiciliansB50 · for Black | 1%within 10 moves · 129M games | 3.d4 5.5% play itMistake · wins a pawn · verified d30 | their better move: e5the answer: 3…Nxe4 4.Bd3 d5 |
| 44 | Colle SystemD05 · for White | 1%within 10 moves · 3.0M games | 6…c4 11.5% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: b6the answer: 7.Bc2 Bd6 8.e4 |
| 45 | Caro-Kann AdvanceB12 · for White | 1%within 10 moves · 8.2M games | 4…Bf5 3.1% play itMistake | their better move: e6 |
| 46 | Sicilian AlapinB22 · for White | 1%within 10 moves · 7.8M games | 5…dxc3 7.5% play itBlunder · wins material · verified d30 | their better move: Nc6the answer: 6.Qxd5 cxb2 7.Bxb2 |
| 47 | French AdvanceC02 · for White | 1%within 10 moves · 8.8M games | 9…Nb3 14.3% play itMistake · wins a piece · verified d30 | their better move: Ne7the answer: 10.Nxb3 Ba4 11.Nfd2 |
| 48 | Nimzo-Indian DefenseE20 · for Black | 1%within 10 moves · 3.7M games | 7.Bg5 24.3% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: g3the answer: 7…Nxc5 8.e3 Nce4 |
| 49 | King's Indian AttackA05 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 94K games | 8…Bd7 9% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: e5the answer: 9.e5 Nd5 10.Qe2 |
| 50 | Sicilian ScheveningenB80 · for Black | <1%within 11 moves · 609K games | 9.Be2 4.6% play itMistake | their better move: O-O-Othe answer: 9…b4 10.Na4 d5 |
| 51 | Queen's Gambit AcceptedD20 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 7.1M games | 4.Bg5 2.7% play itMistake | their better move: e3 |
| 52 | Queen's Indian DefenseE12 · for Black | <1%within 11 moves · 489K games | 7.e4 8.9% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: Bd2the answer: 7…Nxc3 8.bxc3 Bxe4 |
| 53 | Dutch DefenseA80 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 5.7M games | 6.h3 8.2% play itMistake · wins material | their better move: e3the answer: 6…dxc4 7.e4 fxe4 |
| 54 | Réti OpeningA04 · for White | <1%within 11 moves · 818K games | 5…Qd7 4.5% play itMistake · wins a piece | their better move: e6the answer: 6.Ne5 Qc8 7.Nxg4 |
| 55 | Leningrad DutchA87 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 32K games | 10.Nd2 8.8% play itMistake · verified d30 | their better move: b3the answer: 10…Na6 11.a3 Ng4 |
| 56 | Classical SicilianB56 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 1.6M games | 10.e5 9.6% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: Bxf6the answer: 10…dxe5 11.Nxc6 Bxc6 |
| 57 | Closed SicilianB23 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 11M games | 9…f5 51.6% play itMistake · wins a piece | their better move: Bxh6the answer: 10.h5 f4 11.Bxg7 |
| 58 | Torre AttackA46 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 12M games | 8…Bg4 10.3% play itMistake | their better move: Nc6the answer: 9.h3 Bxf3 10.Qxf3 |
| 59 | Pirc DefenseB07 · for Black | <1%within 11 moves · 21M games | 8.Bxa6 7% play itMistake | their better move: d5the answer: 8…cxd4 9.Nxd4 bxa6 |
| 60 | Sicilian RossolimoB30 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 3.8M games | 7…exd5 11.8% play itMistake | their better move: Nxd5the answer: 8.d4 c4 9.b3 |
| 61 | Sicilian DragonB70 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 2.0M games | 9.Qd2 11.4% play itMistake · wins a pawn | their better move: Be3the answer: 9…Nxe4 10.Nxe4 Nxd4 |
| 62 | Catalan OpeningE01 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 296K games | 7…Qe7 4% play itMistake | their better move: Nd5the answer: 8.Ne5 Bxd2+ 9.Nxd2 |
| 63 | Sicilian SveshnikovB33 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 2.9M games | — | — |
| 64 | Sicilian KanB41 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 2.5M games | — | — |
| 65 | Sicilian MoscowB51 · for White | <1%within 10 moves · 1.4M games | — | — |
| 66 | Ruy Lopez BerlinC65 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 3.0M games | — | — |
| 67 | Open Ruy LopezC80 · for Black | <1%within 10 moves · 123K games | — | — |
| 68 | Queen's Gambit DeclinedD30 · for Black | <1%within 11 moves · 11M games | — | — |
| 69 | Bogo-Indian DefenseE11 · for Black | <1%within 11 moves · 486K games | — | — |
Shares are of Lichess blitz, rapid, classical games in this band that reached each opening’s root position; every reply is graded against Stockfish at depth 20 with the game review’s labels and close calls re-graded at depth 30; each figure is a lower bound. 69 of 70 openings are measured at this level. Reply data mined 2026-09-02.
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